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Enterprise routing diagram showing iBGP peers using loopback addresses across multiple routed underlay paths, with loopback reachability required before the BGP session can form.

If iBGP Peers Use Loopbacks, What Must Be Reachable Before BGP Can Come Up?

بواسطة David Lorame على 25 سبتمبر 2026

Why can iBGP peer over loopbacks if BGP is not running yet? This article explains the underlay dependency, why OSPF is optional, how loopback-based sessions can survive link failure, and why BGP Established does not prove application traffic is healthy.

Enterprise network engineers reviewing a phased 1G-to-10G office network upgrade plan with MDF, IDF, fiber uplinks, and staged switch modernization.

Phased 1G-to-10G Network Upgrade: How to Avoid Replacing the Access Layer Twice

بواسطة David Lorame على 23 سبتمبر 2026

A real office expansion raised a common network-refresh problem: the core is still limited to 1G, but new switches and fiber are being installed today. This article explains how to stage the move to 10G, when LAG can help, how to compare OM3 and single-mode, and which infrastructure is worth future-proofing now.