Networking

Intro RJ45 and RJ11 connectors look similar, but they serve completely different technical purposes: RJ45 (8P8C) supports Ethernet data rates from 10/100/1000 Mbps up to 40Gbps with Cat5e to Cat8 cabling, while RJ11 (6P2C/6P4C/6P6C) is used for analog voice and DSL signals in the narro...

Intro Power over Ethernet (PoE) switches combine data and power delivery into a single Ethernet cable, simplifying deployment of devices such as access points, IP cameras, VoIP phones, and IoT equipment. PoE does not reduce network speed, does not waste excessive po...

Intro This article compares the three major UPS topologies - Offline (Standby), Line-Interactive, and Online (Double-Conversion) and explains how each architecture handles power disturbances such as outages, sags, surges, noise, frequency fluctuations, and harmonic distortion. ...

Intro A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) provides instant, clean, and uninterrupted power to IT and network equipment during outages, voltage instability, or electrical noise. It protects switches, routers, firewalls, servers, and storage devices from power spikes, sags, brownouts, a...

Intro An SFP port on a Gigabit switch is a modular interface that accepts Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) transceiver modules. Unlike fixed RJ45 copper ports, SFP ports support both fiber and copper modules, enabling far longer distances, greater flexibility, and improved scalability...

Intro As organizations expand their digital infrastructure, bandwidth demands continue to increase. The transition from 1GbE to 10GbE is now commonplace across enterprise networks and data centers. Although fiber optics dominate long-distance and high-bandwidth deployments, 10GBASE-T E...

Intro Power cords may look like simple accessories, but in IT environments and data centers, choosing the right one is critical. A mismatched plug standard, incorrect current rating, insufficient temperature tolerance, or incompatible connector can cause downtime, device failure, or ev...

Intro Multimode fiber (MMF) continues to play a critical role in today's high-bandwidth, short-range optical networks. While single-mode fiber (SMF) dominates long-distance and carrier-grade infrastructure, multimode fiber remains the most cost-efficient and practical choice for enterp...

Intro This guide provides a fully updated and industry-ready overview of LC fiber optics, explaining the origin and design of LC connectors, their key features, and the complete ecosystem of LC-based products used in modern networking. It covers LC connectors, LC pa...

Intro This article explains the differences between patch cables and crossover cables, how T-568A and T-568B wiring standards determine their structure, and why most modern networks use patch cables due to Auto-MDI/MDIX support in switches, routers, and servers. It ...